A survey was conducted in Attock region, Pakistan to study the population dynamics of Tor macrolepis and other fish species. Tor macrolepis specimens were 133 of the total 2839 fishes collected. Tor macrolepis varied in total length and lateral line scales from 5.0 to 45.0cm and 24 to 28 respectively. Out of 60 fish species identified, 38 species comprised < 1% individually. Seventeen species were from 1.0 to 5.0%; 4 species such as; Devario devario, Puntius conchonius, Puntius sophore and Cyprinus carpio were 5-10% and one species Crossocheilus diplochilus comprised 16.06%. Tor and Glyptothorix are endemic genera to this area. There were 22 commercially important species. The population of 10 highly commercial indigenous fishes was very low and has fallen drastically. These species are, Labeo rohita (0.38%), Cirhhinus mrigala (0.52%), Gibelion catla (0.06%), Mystus bleekeri (2.57%); Rita rita (0.03%), Sperrata sarwari (0.24%), Wallago attu (0.10%), Clupisoma naziri (2.04%); Channa marulius (0.24%), and T. macrolepis (4.68%). The decline in population of commercial fishes is attributed to indiscriminate overfishing, habitat degradation, aquatic pollution and abundance of competitive exotic species. The IUCN status of fish fauna of Attock is also discussed. Effective conservation measures are suggested to sustain Tor macrolepis and the fish fauna in Attock region.

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of raw glycerol obtained as a by-product from the biodiesel manufacturing industry on the bioremediation of a soil contaminated with 8.43mg/kg of the USEPA 16 priority PAHs. Experiments were carried out using raw glycerol at 0.63, 0.32 and 0.16mg/kg. The second condition resulted in the best PAH biodegradation in 60 days, 68.0±0.1%, confirming that this compound may be used as a cosubstrate and adding value to this residue. Germination Index assay on soil samples proved that bioremediation eliminated the phytotoxic effects.

To see the possibilities of detecting Salmonella typhi antigens on Macrophage surface, mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected with S. typhi in vitro and the macrophages were examined for morphological changes and expression of S. typhi surface antigens on the macrophage surfaces, using FITC tagged specific antibodies. The study showed positive results as fluorescence could be observed on the macrophage surfaces, however, the intensity of fluorescence was low.

Present study deals to find out the effects of two herbal weight reducing drugs Phytolacca Americana (PA) and Phytolacca Berry (PB) on plasma electrolytes in common rabbits followed by the induction of hypercholesterolemia. In PA garlic, bladder wrack and grapefruit are the additional ingredients to poke weed while PB has poke weed only. Test animals of two groups were orally administrated PA and PB in doses of 33.3 mg/day and 1.15 mg/day respectively, for 37 days. Blood samples drawn on day 0, 3, 9, 14, 21, 27 and 37 were used to measure plasma Sodium (Na+ ), Potassium (K+ ) and Calcium (Ca++). Both herbal drugs maintained plasma Na+ to normal levels while plasma K+ concentration that remained low returned to normal after four weeks of treatment, significantly (p<0.05) depending on the duration of drug administrated. However, PA effectively returned the very high Ca++ concentration to normal level within one week of treatment whereas PB achieved the same normal level after three weeks of treatment. Thus it may be concluded that both weight reducing herbal drugs although maintained the plasma Na+, K+ and Ca++ concentrations to normal levels when administrated for more than five weeks, showed pronounced alterations in plasma concentrations of K+ and Ca++ during early period of treatment. This effect might be attributed to the interference of drugs with Na+-K+ ATPase activity or blocking the Ca++ channels at the cellular level.

In assessing the relationship between plasma glucose, insulin and glycated haemoglobin, data for these parameters were obtained after induction of Wistar albino rats with 70mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin which resulted in Type 1 model diabetes. Treatment of the rats with 10% concentration of extract of Tapinanthus bengwensis and Oscimum gratissimum was carried out for two weeks and the parameters were evaluated and compared. Rats treated with T. benwgensis had significant effect of reducing both plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and increasing insulin (P<0.05) suggesting a higher hypoglycemic propensity.

This review has a purpose to acquaint the experimental and theoretical research society with the recent theoretical achievements in the research field of the shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW) propagation in the two-phase materials. It is well-known that to know the SH-SAW characteristics can be very important for the sensor applications. Since 2007, several contributors have achieved some progress in the theory when it was theoretically demonstrated that several new SH-SAWs can propagate in novel two-phase materials called the piezoelectromagnetics (PEMs) or the magneto-electro-elastic materials. For the last half-decade, a lot of new SH-SAWs were discovered and it was also found that they can propagate in the cubic PEMs and the transversely isotropic piezoelectromagnetic materials of class 6 mm. For the same set of the boundary conditions, it is already known that only one SH-SAW can propagate in the cubic PEMs and at least two SH-SAWs can propagate in the hexagonal PEMs of class 6 mm. They can have potential applications in the SH-SAW sensors such as biosensors, physical and chemical sensors. It was also discussed that some theoretical results cannot be true.

This study analyzed the structural transformations and adsorption properties of Ukpor clay after nitric acid activation. The clay samples were mined, sun-dried, sized, and reacted with different concentrations of nitric acid ranging from 2 to 16mol/L at various times of 0.5 to 3 hours. The untreated and treated samples were characterized using X-ray Fluorescence and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The adsorptive capacities of the treated samples were investigated by using them to adsorb color pigments from palm oil. The analyses showed that nitric acid leaching caused an exchange of the octahedral cations; Al3+, Fe3+, and Mg2+ with H+ ions and this exchange increased with increase in acid concentration and period of activation. The surface area of the activated samples was observed to increase with increase in concentration and time to about four times that of the raw sample. The adsorption results showed that the adsorptive performance of the modified samples was improved from 27.6% to 85.4%. The equilibrium results fitted Freundlich isotherm model. This study has shown that acid activation led to some structural transformations of Ukpor clay which enhanced the adsorption performance of the clay thereby making it an effective adsorbent for palm oil bleaching.

ROA an acronym for Replication Oriented Architecture is speculated as capable of attenuating the scalability defect of Web Services and help Application Programmers build Scalable Web Services Solution. The essence of this paper is to authenticate the scalability of Web Services solution built on ROA. We have selected a test problem that enabled the test of the architecture in its worst state scenario. We have also developed ten different Web Services solution for this problem but with different number of replicas ranging from one to ten using Java technologies. We have subjected these systems to load tests using Apache JMeter under varying load stress vis-à-vis the solutions built on conventional Web Service Java technologies, void of any solution architecture, for the same problem and platform. The data from Apache JMeter (throughput and response time) underwent mathematical transformation to realize relative scalability estimates at the varying load points. These estimates were subjected to statistical analysis and the result is that ROA can enhance the scalability of Web Service by about 32%. This scalability is guaranteed 90% of the time. We also exposed areas where we think ROA can be improved.

Accurate molecular weights of pure compounds are available and can be readily obtained in the literature. However, those of binary and multi-component mixtures are not readily available and are usually obtained from pure components by applying mixing rules, which may not be very accurate. The molecular weights of n-Nonane+n-Tetradecane, n- Hexane+n-Nonane, n-Hexane+Toluene, Toluene+n-Tetradecane and some petroleum liquids were experimentally determined using a cryoscope. The results were compared with estimates from Kay’s mixing rule and the observed deviations used to modify Kay’s equation in order to obtain an improved mixing rule for the molecular weight of binary mixtures. A simple relation was also established for predicting molecular weight of petroleum liquids from API gravity. The average absolute deviation (AAD) of 0.04 and 0.40 for the molecular weight of heavy and light petroleum liquids respectively represents an improvement over most of the existing correlations.

The rate of evaporation in Uyo (5o18’53.7’’N, 7o59’39.3’’E) has been estimated. The estimation is based on five meteorological data which include solar radiation, wind speed, relative humidity, pressure and temperature. These data were collected from the Nigeria Meteorological Agency in Uyo and covered a period of five years (2004 to 2008). The estimated rate of evaporation was obtained to be 2.75 ± 0.46mm/day which is very much close to that of the measured value of 2.78 ± 0.42mm/day. A high value of coefficient of determination R2 = 0.98 was obtained by plotting a linear relation between the observed and the estimated evaporation. Seasonal effects were also observed in the rate of evaporation as different rates were recorded during the wet and dry seasons.

The present study investigated volatile organic compounds pollution based on the principles of dilution, diffusion and dispersion in a rural fishing community of Take, Lagos state Southwestern, Nigeria. The air samples were collected by passive sampler (ORSA 5). The air samplers were exposed to a height of 1.5-2.0 m and sampling was carried out four times a month for a period of 12 months. The adsorbed VOCs were desorbed with carbondisulphide (CS2) and the solution analysed using Gas Chromatography (GC) fitted with Flame Ionization Detector (FID). The results from analysis of the air samples collected showed that twenty (26) VOCs were captured in Take area. The VOCs were classified thus: aromatics 43%, halogenated 28%, esters 4%, ketones 13%, alcohols 6%, ethers 6%. There is a significant difference (Pvalue < 0.05) between the levels of VOCs in Take area. The meteorological parameters showed significant correlations with the ambient concentrations of VOCs. The principal component analysis revealed that the major sources of VOCs in Take areas are mainly Anthropogenic and three (3) factors were identified as sources of VOCs in the studied area with emissions from the waste dump dominating.

In this paper, we establish a method for determining some special Laplace transform inversions, by forming the generating differential equations and solving by other methods. Examples of Cartesian plane methods, axially symmetric methods together with spherically symmetric cases are treated. Correspondence is made between these solutions and the solutions obtained by Laplace transform methods.

A Radiation safety study of X-ray Irradiation facilities was carried out at three Hospitals in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. This study employed the use of a specialized Geiger Muller counter, the Radalert-100, to take measurements of the levels of radiation emissions and extent of scatter radiation to the surrounding environment. A pocket dosimeter was also used to measure the absorbed doses. The background radiation in and around the radiation rooms were measured and found to range from 0.08 to 1.60?Sv which are within the normal range of 0.09 to 1.70 ?Sv. However some technical and engineering regulations would have to be strictly followed to maintain standards.

Statistical investigation of the effect of soil composts (Factor A) and rock phosphate (Factor B) on the growth characteristics of oil palm tree was carried out at 5% level of significance. Consequently, the results showed that there are significant effects of these factors on the growth characteristics of oil palm tree. There is also a significant interaction effect of soil composts and rock phosphate on the growth characteristics.