Analysis of field equations for the tensors of mass and charge components of the general field shows that their source is the charge four-current. In this connection, an assumption is made that there is the charge component of the force field of electrogravitational vacuum in the form of fluxes of charged particles within the framework of Le Sage\'s theory of gravitation. This component is mainly responsible for both electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, as well as for the action of other fields inside bodies. The parameters of the vacuum’s charged particles can be determined quite accurately using the theory of similarity within the theory of infinite nesting of matter, so that the description of the cause of emergence of electromagnetic and gravitational forces is filled with specific content.

In 1961, in several closely spaced personal communications, our Geology Professor, Dr. Gerald P. Brophy, taught that Mineralogists were ignoring refractive indices (RIs) to their own disadvantage, Geochemists were ignoring optical data, and (almost in the same breath) some subjects had been completely removed from the literature; as if Becke lines were not enough to get me hooked! I asked whether useful RI data might be generated by not optically orienting any fragment; but, instead, ignoring their orientations and quickly counting each randomly-encountered one as of Lesser, Equal, or Greater RI than that of the immersion liquid. “Maybe, with the help of statistical analysis”, he replied. This research paper reports sporadic work done since then, to learn how much can be discovered about a rock sample, via an RIcounting technique that could be employed even by K-12 students using simple, inexpensive microscopes and polarizing films; though better equipment would yield better precision and accuracy. The approach should be automated. Calculations of vacuum-structure mass (m), energy (E), and weight (W) are presented.

High purity Germanium detector (HPGe) have been used to investigate the radioactivity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K , 210Pb and 137Cs in 22 brands of imported canned food products in Nigeria categorized into staple foodstuffs, beef and seafood. The results obtained for staple food stuffs shows a mean activity value of 12.33±3.68, 12.35±4.62,51.48±15.12, 2.65±0.18 and 0.61±0.27 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 210Pb and 137Cs respectively, while in beef food products, it is 14.41±4.79, 14.12±4.83,50.44±14.80, 1.11± 0.07 and 0.32±0.20 Bq kg-1 respectively, and for seafood products it is 17.95±5.71, 16.24±5.48,61.65±18.07, 1.17±0.13 and ND Bq kg-1 respectively. The overall results indicate that the natural radio activities in the three categories of canned foodstuffs examined are well below the UNSCEAR and other regulatory bodies recommended permissible limits. The presence of 210Pb and 137Cs in some samples potent some degree of heavy metal contamination of those foodstuffs. All the five radiological risk parameters evaluated are well below International recommended permissible levels. The computed dose to essential organs and tissues indicates a highest dose level of 0.2 mSvy-1 which is well within the 1mSvy-1 recommended permissible level of the public. The calculated collective effective dose equivalent revealed that 97,463,16 of the total population are exposed to radiation from ingestion of the canned foods with adults most impacted. The total health detriment indicates radiological risk ratio of 1:2238 for infants, 1:2583 for children and 1:4238 for adults. From the estimated costdetriment, it is obvious that the economic benefits which is directly proportional to cost of purchase and importation put at about nine billion US dollars annually derived from consuming these imported canned food products is far above the health detriment

Effective linkage between extension practitioners and other stakeholders in the Research Extension Farmers Input linkage System (REFILS) is germane to increased agricultural productivity. Hence, the present study assessed the linkage methods of extension practitioners in Research –Extension –Farmers –Input linkage system in Nigeria. Seventy one (71) extension practitioners were randomly selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure and well structured questionnaire was used to elicit data which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic. Results indicated that the mean age of respondents was 43.8 years, majority were male (71.8%), married (91.9% ) and possessed HND/PGD (63.4%).The respondents’ linkage option was high (60%) and the training program ( mean = 2.54) ranked first among the list of the linkage options used by the respondents . There was a significant difference in the linkage options of the extension practitioners across the zones (F = 6.07, P = 0. 000) . It was concluded that extension practitioners utilized different linkage methods to interact with other stakeholders in REFILS and the need to intensify efforts on the linkage system with farmers in order to increase the rate of technologies dissemination was recommended.

If a Vacuum Structure exists, then one might do well to assume that it has some measurable attributes. This paper adopts some definitions and related algebra to test whether that line of reasoning leads to any useful, new comprehension of Nature. Predicted Models for rest mass (m), energy (E), and weight (W), as well as models of Residuals thereto, are constructed for an assumed Vacuum Structure.

The present study was undertaken on the ecological distribution and status of the wildlife of Bin Qasim Industrial Zone area during the period of July 2019 to December 2019. As many as 80 species of flora, 11 species of mammals, 67 species of birds, 10 species of reptiles and two species of amphibians were recorded. Among the birds, out of 67 species, 39 species were resident and 28 species were migratory. Three species of birds viz. Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) was recorded as Vulnerable, Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata) and Curlew Sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea) were recorded as Near Threatened. Among reptiles, two Poisonous snakes viz. Saw-scaled Viper (Echis carinatus) and Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) were recorded from the area. No threatened species of reptiles was recorded. The amphibians are scarcely distributed in the area. Only one toad and one frog species were recorded. No Threatened species of amphibians was recorded from the aquatic, marshy area and were commonly found during monsoon. Large scale construction activities and vehicles movements take place in the area. The prevalent threats to the species are poaching, disturbance, loss of habitat, degradation of habitat, pollution and lack of conservation and management efforts. The area is very important nearest to the coast and serves as a buffer zone to Indus Delta (Ramsar Site) and it needs to be monitored and minimize the industrial pollution.

Studies in the article have shown that productivity increases with improved structure. This is explained by the fact that in soils with 0.25 mm diameter water-resistant aggregates of 14%, grain yield is 22.2 cents / ha, while water-resistant aggregates are 8%. In soils, this figure decreased to 18.4 cents / ha (3.8 cents / ha). It is also known that alfalfa plays a key role in improving the water-physical properties of the soil, as well as its agrochemical composition. The author\'s research shows that the amount of water-resistant aggregates under the clover is much higher than in the cotton fields. This can be clearly seen from the following comparison. Thus, the amount of water-resistant aggregates in 0-10 cm of soil in the cotton field is 4.0-18.5; While 0.5 cm is 6.5-11.2 and 20-30 cm is 4.5-18.2, in clover crops this indicator is 35.0; Increased to 24.7 and 27.0. In addition, it revealed the accumulation of more organic and mineral substances under alfalfa cultivation. They proved this by the analysis of soil samples taken from the one-year and two-year plots. It was found that 1.66% humus and 0.112% total nitrogen were accumulated in the topsoil of the annual alfalfa field, while the amount of humus accumulated in the topsoil in the biennial clover field was 1.70% and the total nitrogen content was 0.150%. It should be noted. that the development of irrigation erosion in irrigated arable lands depends on the fact that the surface of the area is covered with a large cover. This was clearly shown by the observations. It was found that both relatively weak (0.4 mm / min) and very (1.4 mm / min) heavy rains protect clover soil from further washing. Thus, 0.4 mm / min. In heavy rains, the depth of the furrow under alfalfa is 14.4 mm, 31 mm at 1.4 mm / min, 50.9 and 64.2 mm between rows of cotton, respectively, and 78.6 and 113 mm along the row. 6 mm.