Phenotypic characterization of plant species is the basis for selection, conservation as well as improvement. Moringa oleifera (Lam.) is commonly grown as multi-purpose medicinal and leafy vegetable crop in Nigeria. This study evaluated phenotypic intraspecific variations among 40 accessions of M. oleifera collected from different agro-ecological zones. A total of 30 morphometric traits involving qualitative and quantitative vegetative, floral, fruit/pod and seed traits, seed set and germination percentages were combined for the analyses. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis, correlation coefficient, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the intraspecific variability. The accessions showed marked differences in floral, fruit pod and seed characters analyzed. Accessions edN037 (71 days), osN024 (73 days), ogN028 (74 days), oyN003 (75 days) and abN059 (76 days) were identified as early maturing accessions. Correlation coefficients r ? 0.70 were high and significant for reproductive characters. The PCA and CA generated similar results. The first five principal component axes explained 61.40% of the total variation with PC1 (23.92%) and PC2 (14.19%) contributing 38.11% of the total variation. The CA showed that the degree of intraspecific similarity was high (66.82%) based on Euclidean similarity index. Nevertheless, four clusters were formed indicating intraspecific phenotypic dissimilarity among the 40 accessions especially with the separation of accessions that were collected from similar environments. The phenotypic variations could be explored for utilization, conservation and for future genetic improvement by selection of accessions with promising agronomic characters.

A total of 29 marine actinomycetes were isolated of which more than 75% showed potent antibacterial (MRSA; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, VREF; vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium) activity and 3% displayed anti fungal (ARCA; amphotericin-resistant Candida albicans, WTCA; wild type Candida albicans) activity against human drug-resistant pathogens. However all the strains (100%) exhibited cytotoxicity against brine shrimp larvae. All the crude extracts injected in the time-of-flight liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HRESI-LC-MS) to analyse the metabolites profile with the respective UV profiles, molecular masses and the data were verified using natural product database, AntiBase and in-house database for screening of new compounds. Stauroporine, halomycin, rifamycin and their derivatives are commonly found in the microbial extracts. However, an actinomycete strain F-1568showed a unique profile with two derivatives of compounds have an UV profile similar to mycinamicin but had a different molecular mass, while another peak had an distinct UV profile but did not match any compounds in the in-house database revealing that F-1568 is a promising candidate for the discovery of new bioactive compounds

Acrylamide (ACR) is commonly used in biochemistry and biotechnology laboratories. It may also occur in our daily life; in deep-fried foods; baked goods; tap water and smoking which is also a major ACR producer. In this work, the ameliorative role of lemon grass and sage (1:1) aqueous extract against the toxic potential of acrylamide was investigated after 48 hours of simultaneous treatments on albino rats. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the plant mixture which gave more activity than each plant alone; perhaps due to synergistic effect between the two plants. The results of acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescent staining and total genomic DNA electrophoresis of peripheral blood leukocytes revealed that high dose of plant mixture treatments has a significant amelioration against ACR toxicity. On the other hand, low dose of plant mixture did not give that potential in micronucleus test of leukocytes, total genomic DNA electrophoresis of liver tissues and acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescent staining of bone marrow tissues which indicated that low dose was better as ameliorative agent

The present study deals with screening and identification of heavy metal resistant bacterial strain which was isolated from heavy metal-polluted industrial effluent the species of bacteria isolated was identified as ochrobactrum sp. based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The accumulation of heavy metals, and their detoxification by bacterial isolate provide an additional mechanism of environmental bioremediation. The bacterial strain was also evaluated for resistance from different heavy metals in different concentrations. The identified heavy metal tolerant bacterial isolate could be useful for the efficient removal of heavy metal in contaminated waste water

The ethyl acetate, ethanolic extract and total ethanol extract of Ehretia wallichiana Hook.f. & Thomson ex Gamble were tested for desmutagenic and antimutagenic activity. All of them have antimutagenic activity but lack desmutagenic activity. Ethyl acetate has highest activity as free radical scavenger (97.6%) in comparison with other extracts followed by total ethanol extract (88.7%), which may be attributed to flavonoids and other phenolics in the extracts. Betulinic acid, 9-hydroxy-10, 12, 15 octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, Rosmarinic acid and ethyl rosmarinate were isolated from ethanolic extract. This is the first report of rosmarinic acid and ethyl rosmarinate isolated from Ehretia wallichiana. This is the first report of ethyl rosmarinate in genus Ehretia

Heart failure is one of the most common heart diseases with high rates of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Beta blockers are considered treat these patients to reduce mortality and improve right ventricular function and symptoms. Due to the increasing prevalence of this disease in the country, this study compared to determine the effect of carvedilol was performed on drugs right ventricular function Method:This clinical trial study was performed on 60patients with right ventricular failure. In this study, only standard therapy control group patients received the underlying disease in addition carvedilol to standard treatment group. And at the end of the second and sixth months in both groups, right ventricular failure indices were evaluated with echocardiography. And then data were compared using statistical software SPSS. Mean age61.8±9.0years. Our results showed that administration of carvedilol reduced the second month Tr severity is significant (p<0.001) and continue taking it until the sixth month in addition to reducing Tr, significant decreases are also Rvmpi. (p<0.001). But compared Taps index and right ventricular dilatation in the carvedilol group differences with the placebo group showed no significant (p>0.05). Based on present study findings in patients with right ventricular failure, patients prescribed carvedilol is improves symptoms of right ventricular function

A total of 2,791 individuals of freshwater turtles were recorded from 18 study sites, located within four districts of Peshawar Valley (Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera and Mardan districts) belonging to the family Trionychidae, including the Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle (Chitra indica), Indian Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia gangetica), Indian Peacock Softshell Turtle (Nilssonia hurum) and Indian Flapshell Turtle (Lissemys punctata andersoni) and the family Geoemydidae, including Brown Roofed Turtle (Pangshura smithii), Crowned River Turtle (Hardella thurjii) and Indian Roofed Turtle (Pangshura tectum). Based on our present study data, Lissemys punctata (28.52%) and Nilssonia gangetica (27.41%) were common, whereas, Nilssonia hurum (14.76%) and Pangshura smithii (11.04%) were less abundant. Chitra indica and Pangshura tectum were found at levels that may be categorized as scarce (7.31% and 7.49%, respectively). Hardella thurjii (3.48%) was rarely recorded. On the other hand, Lissemys punctata (28.52%) and Nilssonia gangetica (27.41%) were common at all 18 sites sampled, followed by Pangshura smithii at 16 of 18 sites. The Spotted Pond Turtle (Geoclemys hamiltonii) was unrecorded during the present study, but this species had been reported from different parts of Pakistan by other authors. Habitat destruction, desilting of canals, harmful and unsustainable fishing techniques, such as dynamite explosion, electric-shocks and pesticides, and unprotected status of nesting sites were recorded as major threats to freshwater turtles in Peshawar Valley

Nowadays, Multimedia Communication has been improved rapidly to allow people to communicate via the Internet. However, Internet users cannot communicate with each other unless they use the same chatting applications since each chatting application uses certain signaling protocol to make the media call. The mapping architecture is a very critical issue since it solves the communication problems between any two protocols, as well as it enables people around the world to make a voice/video call even they use different chatting applications. Providing the interoperability between different signaling protocols and multimedia applications takes the advantages of more than one protocol. Many mapping architectures have been proposed to ease exchanging of the media between at least two users without facing any difficulties. However, the design of any of the existing mapping architectures has some weaknesses related to larger delay, time consuming, and security matters. The only way to overcome these problems is to propose an efficient protocol 1-protocol 2 mapping architecture. The proposed mapping architecture consists of protocol 1 domain (protocol 1 client, protocol 1 server, protocol 1-to-protocol 2 gateway), and protocol 2 domain (protocol 2 client, protocol 2 server, protocol 2-to-protocol 1 gateway). The tasks of the translation gateways are represented by the URI conversion, media capability exchange, translator of call setup and teardown signals, and real time media transmission

With the advancement of technology and importance of using devices with the ability to perform complex tasks like super computers and new household appliances, Performance of these devices has had a negative impact on the power network, and lowered power quality in the system. So these days the issue of improving power quality gets more and more attention. One of the issues considered in the further development of new devices is the problem of harmonics above 50 Hz. Today, Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CVTs) are widely used to measure harmonics and transients voltages. Therefore the issue of efficiency and stability of this device against the changes of its parameters as well as changes and disturbances in the network is of great importance. In this paper, the CVT system is simulated, and then the role of changes of device and network parameters in stability and performance of the CVT are examined. Results showed that CVT is sensitive only to the changes of capacitors in low frequency response

Optimization of supramolecular crystals with self assembling is assessed in coupled mesogenic liquid crystal reveal interesting characteristics in computation studies with Gaussian 03, Revision E.01 using MP2, extended 3-21G (d) basis set. Adsorption of liquid crystal CS with IO focuses interesting characteristic structural features with low shear. Studies of thermal and spectroscopic studies signify the former in confirmed transition peaks with altered energies and later ensured bonding with sharp peaks of stretching and bending vibrations in functional and fingerprint regions influenced on coupling. Interestingly the vital play of potential energies with shear gained importance in stable molecular configuration, dipole moment, atomic charges, moment of inertia, critical velocity, highest occupied molecular orbital energies and lowest unoccupied molecular energies in formation of complex

Wireless communication technology has seen a remarkably fast evolution due to its capability to provide a quality, reliable and high-speed data transmission amongst the users. However, transmission of information in wireless channels is primarily impaired by deleterious multipath fading, which affects the quality and reliability of the system. In order to overcome the detrimental effects of fading, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is an attractive scheme that employs multiple transceiver antennas to carry the data over the same frequency band over a variety of signal paths. This technology has shown great solutions due to its ability to provide better spectral efficiency, capacity, throughput and robustness of the data transmission. But in practice, it is impractical to install multiple antennas on small-sized devices. Hence, to overcome the limitations of MIMO gain in the future wireless networks, cooperative diversity has recently draw in attention due to its ability to circumvent the difficulties of implementing actual antenna arrays in Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO). By exploiting the broadcast feature of the wireless medium, cooperation among multiple nearby nodes is formed for data transmission. At the receiver, the signals are either coherently or differentially detected. Coherent detection requires exact channel estimation, which is difficult to apply in a time-varying channel. Hence, when the nodes are mobile, or when the channel is inaccurately estimated, the differential detection techniques that omit channel estimation become an alternative as compared to coherent detection. This article presents a review of the differential transmission techniques for cooperative diversity networks. The article begins with the development of the differential detection techniques. Then, the concept of double-differential technique with the presence of carrier offset is addressed. The review of these studies is presented so as to provide directions for future developments

Nowadays, by development of technology and urban living, the lifestyle of people is completely changing. The lack of participation in physical activity, inactivity and sedentary lifestyle has put all members of the society at risk. So, participation in physical activity has been proposed as a way of coping with side effects of such a lifestyle. This paper aims to study related factors of physical activity behavior during leisure time among female high school students by using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). To do this, a questionnaire was prepared using the above mentioned theory, and considering the sample size of 425, questionnaires were randomly distributed among female high school students in Tehran, Iran. After collecting data, they were analyzed in SPSS software. The results of this study showed that the theory of planned behavior predicts the intention of participation in physical activity among female high school students very well. According to our findings, there is a strong relationship between “attitude”, “subjective norm”, “perceived behavioral control”, and leisure-time physical activity intention

The present study deals with the investigations of the recursive versions of well known code word lengths due to Campbell (1965) and Kapur (1988). It has been proved that the recursive codes for both the lengths are better than their original code from redundancy point of view and the comparison criterion is the average redundancy taken over the set of all n -tuple distributions. Furthermore, it is shown that when symbol probabilities are arranged in descending order, the recursive versions of both the codes provide much better results. The methodology adopted for this recursive approach involves the use of programming through Matlab and Simulation techniques

In this paper, we reformulated the Linear Sigma Model Lagrangian density using fractional calculus by the left-right Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives. We also determined fractional Euler-Lagrange and fractional Hamiltonian equations resulting from the Linear Sigma Model Lagrangian density. We found that the classical results are taken as a specific case of the fractional formulation for Euler-Lagrange and Hamiltonian equations

Oscillations of power systems cause instability in power networks; hence PSS is used in conventional methods. But finding the optimized gains is one of the main problems in designing stability of power network. In this paper, a single machine connected to infinite bus system and 10-machine 39-bus system is considered for study. It\\\'s shown that finding the optimal eigenvalues of a single machine connected to infinite bus system and 10-machine 39-bus with Theory of Optimal Control Method is more optimal than the methods that are inspired by nature, such as Genetic, Electromagnetism-Like, Simulated Annealing, and Particle Swarm Optimization. Therefore, it\\\'s tried to show the real image for operation of mentioned algorithms in comparison with each other. With proper using of optimal control method, efficiency of this method is defined. To show the effectiveness of this method, a comparison between these algorithms is performed

Pakistan has huge deposits of 185 billion tons of lignite coal deposits. The major deposits are found in lower Indus Basin, southern Sindh. The coal basins extend westward from Thar coal field, near Islamkot through Badin to Lakhra-Sonda and Meting-Jhimpir-Thatta area. There are 16 coal samples from southern coalfields of Pakistan have been analyzed for the presence of mercury. The results show that the mercury in Thar coal samples varies from 0.38 to 0.56 ppm, with an arithmetic mean of 0.45ppm. In Lakhra coals, the concentration varies from 1.12 to 1.94 ppm with an arithmetic mean 1.34 ppm Whereas, in Meting-Jhimpir coal samples, it varies from 1.748 to 1.750 ppm with arithmetic mean 1.75 ppm. The current results indicate that the mercury in Thar coal has originated as silicate bound, in Lakhra coals as sulfide bound, and in Meting-Jhimpir coal, as carbonate bound. Calculated enrichment/depletion factor shows that the mercury in Thar and Lakhra coal samples is significantly enriched, whereas in Meting-Jhimpir coal it is very highly enriched. The comparison of present data with world average values shows that the average mercury contents in coal samples of Thar coalfield relative to Lakhra and Meting-Jhimpir coalfield are very near to the world average and is of silicate bound nature. Therefore, it will pose no environmental threat if proposed coal-fired power station is installed, to overcome the energy crises of Pakistan

In this paper a body bias technique is proposed for leakage minimization in CMOS VLSI circuits. A gate level body bias controller circuit is designed which dynamically change the threshold voltage of NMOS transistors. When the NMOS transistor is in OFF state, the threshold voltage of transistor is raised by applying reverse body bias through the controller circuit. This reverse body bias raises the threshold voltage of NMOS transistor in the pull down path and hence the sub-threshold leakage current reduces. Here the main focus is to reduce leakage current in NMOS transistors in pull down path because it provides a leakage current path from supply to ground, even in OFF-state. The proposed design is compared with LECTOR technique. Simulation results show that proposed design significantly reduces the power dissipation and gives a low power delay product