Sabeeta Kumari, Ghazala Yasmeen, Ubaid Ullah, M. Asif Iqbal, Roohi Kanwal, Tahira A. Latif, Uzma Manzoor, M. Zaheer Khan
Keywords: Organochlorine, pesticides, amphibian, fish, reptile, bird.
Abstract: Globally organochlorine (OC) pesticides are synthetic pesticides and widely used for controlling of pest in agriculture field and assumed to be having adverse effects on vertebrate biodiversity. Pesticides experience leads to effects on nontarget living organisms, and fish being one of the most important examples among these. Acute absorption of chlorinated pesticides leads to increased death ratio, while secondary toxic concentration caused different lethal changes. These changes may be in behaviour of the exposed fish in aquatic bodies such as change in feeding, reproduction, and some histological changes in liver, kidney, gill, muscle and intestine. The lipophilic nature of fish muscle tissues in aquatic ecosystem, higher level of OCs measured in fish muscle tissue through gas chromatography and other advanced chromatographic techniques with the help of detectors. Organochlorine pesticides and their related chemicals are accumulated in animal’s bodies through food chain and food web. Some organochlorine pesticides reduced the cholinesterase activity of amphibians and reptiles. Several studies were reported that number of non-target species can be affected when pesticides are used because of their inhibition of cholinesterase activity. Small levels of organochlorine were also observed in the tissues and blood samples of birds species. In this review we summarizes the some adverse effects of the use of organochlorine pesticides and related chemicals in the selected vertebrate biodiversity.
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